The life of Sariputta, one of the two chief disciples of the
Buddha, is a tale of profound wisdom, devotion, and spiritual accomplishment.
Sariputta, often referred to as the "Marshal of the Dhamma"
(Dhamma-senapati), played a pivotal role in the propagation and preservation of
the Buddha's teachings. His story is not just one of personal enlightenment but
also of unwavering service to the Buddha and the Sangha.
Early Life and Friendship with Maha Moggallana
Sariputta was born as Upatissa in a Brahmanical village near
Rajagaha. On the same day, Kolita, who would later become Maha Moggallana, was
born in a neighboring village. Their families had been friends for generations,
and this bond extended to the two boys. From an early age, Upatissa and Kolita
were inseparable, sharing not only a deep friendship but also a keen intellect
and a thirst for knowledge.
As they grew, they mastered various sciences and arts,
becoming leaders among their peers. Each had a following of 500 young men, and
their influence was evident in their communities. However, despite their
worldly success and enjoyment of life's pleasures, both Upatissa and Kolita
began to feel a profound sense of dissatisfaction. They realized that all
worldly pursuits were fleeting and ultimately led to suffering.
The Search for Liberation
Their quest for spiritual truth began at the Hilltop
Festival in Rajagaha. While the festival was a time of joy and celebration, it
served as a moment of awakening for the two friends. They realized the
impermanence of life and the futility of worldly pleasures. Determined to find
a path to liberation, they left their homes and became disciples of the ascetic
Sanjaya, a renowned teacher of the time.
However, Sanjaya's teachings failed to provide the answers
they sought. Undeterred, the two friends made a pact: whoever found the true
path to liberation first would share it with the other.
Meeting the Buddha
Upatissa's life took a transformative turn when he
encountered the monk Assaji, one of the Buddha's first disciples. Assaji's
serene demeanor and radiant composure intrigued Upatissa, who approached him
with great respect. Assaji shared a brief teaching, encapsulating the essence
of the Buddha's doctrine:
"Of all things that arise from a cause,
The Tathagata has explained the cause,
And also how they cease to be:
This is the doctrine of the Great Recluse."
These words struck a chord deep within Upatissa. In that
moment, he attained the first stage of enlightenment, Sotapanna. True to his
promise, he shared the teaching with Kolita, who also attained Sotapanna upon
hearing it.
The two friends, along with their followers, sought out the
Buddha and became his disciples. Upatissa was given the name Sariputta, after
his mother Sari, and Kolita became Maha Moggallana. Together, they became the
Buddha's chief disciples, with Sariputta excelling in wisdom and Maha
Moggallana in supernatural abilities.
Sariputta's Role as the Marshal of the Dhamma
Sariputta's wisdom and understanding of the Dhamma were
unparalleled. The Buddha often praised him for his ability to explain complex
teachings in a clear and accessible manner. Sariputta's humility, patience, and
compassion made him a beloved teacher and guide for the Sangha.
One of Sariputta's most notable qualities was his gratitude.
He never forgot even the smallest act of kindness. For instance, he once
expressed profound gratitude to a novice monk who had offered him guidance
during his early days as a disciple.
Sariputta's role extended beyond teaching. He was a guardian
of the Sangha, ensuring the welfare of the monks and resolving disputes with
fairness and wisdom. His leadership earned him the title "Marshal of the
Dhamma," a testament to his unwavering dedication to the Buddha's
teachings.
Discourses of Sariputta
Sariputta was not only a master of the Dhamma but also a
prolific teacher whose discourses remain an integral part of Buddhist
literature. His teachings, preserved in the Pali Canon, provide profound
insights into the nature of reality, the path to liberation, and the qualities
of an enlightened being. Some of his most notable discourses include:
1. The Samacitta Sutta (AN 4.14)
In this discourse, Sariputta explains the qualities of a
person with a calm and composed mind. He emphasizes the importance of
equanimity, patience, and mindfulness in overcoming life's challenges and
maintaining inner peace.
2. The Dighajanu Sutta (AN 8.54)
Sariputta provides practical advice to lay followers on how
to live a balanced life. He discusses the four qualities that lead to material
success and the four qualities that lead to spiritual growth, highlighting the
importance of integrating both aspects for a fulfilling life.
3. The Sangiti Sutta (DN 33)
This is one of Sariputta's most comprehensive discourses,
where he systematically enumerates various teachings of the Buddha. The Sangiti
Sutta serves as a valuable reference for understanding the core principles of
the Dhamma.
4. The Dasuttara Sutta (DN 34)
In this discourse, Sariputta presents a detailed exposition
of the Dhamma, organized into sets of ten. This systematic approach reflects
his analytical mind and his ability to present the teachings in a structured
and accessible manner.
5. The Nalakapana Sutta (MN 68)
Sariputta discusses the concept of rebirth and the workings
of karma, providing insights into the ethical and spiritual implications of
one's actions.
These discourses highlight Sariputta's profound
understanding of the Dhamma and his ability to convey its essence with clarity
and precision. His teachings continue to inspire and guide practitioners on the
path to enlightenment.
The Final Days of Sariputta
Sariputta's life was a testament to the transformative power
of the Dhamma. Even in his final days, he remained a source of inspiration and
guidance. Knowing that his time was near, he returned to his birthplace to pass
away in the presence of his mother, who had not yet accepted the Dhamma.
Through his teachings and example, he inspired her to attain Sotapanna before
he passed away.
Sariputta's passing was a moment of profound loss for the
Sangha. The Buddha himself remarked that Sariputta was like his right-hand man,
and his absence was deeply felt. However, the legacy of Sariputta's wisdom and
compassion continues to inspire Buddhists to this day.
Lessons from Sariputta's Life
The life of Sariputta offers timeless lessons for all who
seek spiritual growth and understanding:
- The
Importance of Friendship: Sariputta and Maha Moggallana's journey
highlights the value of spiritual friendship in the pursuit of truth.
- Humility
and Gratitude: Despite his profound wisdom, Sariputta remained humble
and grateful, embodying the qualities of a true disciple.
- Dedication
to the Dhamma: Sariputta's unwavering commitment to the Buddha's
teachings serves as a model for all who wish to follow the path of
enlightenment.
- Practical
Wisdom: His discourses provide practical guidance for both laypeople
and monastics, emphasizing the integration of ethical conduct, mental
discipline, and wisdom.
Conclusion
Sariputta's life is a shining example of the transformative
power of the Dhamma. His wisdom, compassion, and dedication to the Buddha's
teachings continue to inspire generations of Buddhists. As we reflect on his
story and teachings, we are reminded of the potential within each of us to
attain liberation and live a life of profound purpose and meaning.
This extended account of Sariputta's life and discourses
celebrates his contributions to Buddhism and serves as a source of inspiration
for all who walk the path of the Dhamma. May his story and teachings guide and
uplift us on our journey toward enlightenment.
