The Life of Sariputta: A Journey of Enlightenment and Wisdom


The life of Sariputta, one of the two chief disciples of the Buddha, is a tale of profound wisdom, devotion, and spiritual accomplishment. Sariputta, often referred to as the "Marshal of the Dhamma" (Dhamma-senapati), played a pivotal role in the propagation and preservation of the Buddha's teachings. His story is not just one of personal enlightenment but also of unwavering service to the Buddha and the Sangha.


Early Life and Friendship with Maha Moggallana

Sariputta was born as Upatissa in a Brahmanical village near Rajagaha. On the same day, Kolita, who would later become Maha Moggallana, was born in a neighboring village. Their families had been friends for generations, and this bond extended to the two boys. From an early age, Upatissa and Kolita were inseparable, sharing not only a deep friendship but also a keen intellect and a thirst for knowledge.

As they grew, they mastered various sciences and arts, becoming leaders among their peers. Each had a following of 500 young men, and their influence was evident in their communities. However, despite their worldly success and enjoyment of life's pleasures, both Upatissa and Kolita began to feel a profound sense of dissatisfaction. They realized that all worldly pursuits were fleeting and ultimately led to suffering.


The Search for Liberation

Their quest for spiritual truth began at the Hilltop Festival in Rajagaha. While the festival was a time of joy and celebration, it served as a moment of awakening for the two friends. They realized the impermanence of life and the futility of worldly pleasures. Determined to find a path to liberation, they left their homes and became disciples of the ascetic Sanjaya, a renowned teacher of the time.

However, Sanjaya's teachings failed to provide the answers they sought. Undeterred, the two friends made a pact: whoever found the true path to liberation first would share it with the other.


Meeting the Buddha

Upatissa's life took a transformative turn when he encountered the monk Assaji, one of the Buddha's first disciples. Assaji's serene demeanor and radiant composure intrigued Upatissa, who approached him with great respect. Assaji shared a brief teaching, encapsulating the essence of the Buddha's doctrine:

"Of all things that arise from a cause,
The Tathagata has explained the cause,
And also how they cease to be:
This is the doctrine of the Great Recluse."

These words struck a chord deep within Upatissa. In that moment, he attained the first stage of enlightenment, Sotapanna. True to his promise, he shared the teaching with Kolita, who also attained Sotapanna upon hearing it.

The two friends, along with their followers, sought out the Buddha and became his disciples. Upatissa was given the name Sariputta, after his mother Sari, and Kolita became Maha Moggallana. Together, they became the Buddha's chief disciples, with Sariputta excelling in wisdom and Maha Moggallana in supernatural abilities.


Sariputta's Role as the Marshal of the Dhamma

Sariputta's wisdom and understanding of the Dhamma were unparalleled. The Buddha often praised him for his ability to explain complex teachings in a clear and accessible manner. Sariputta's humility, patience, and compassion made him a beloved teacher and guide for the Sangha.

One of Sariputta's most notable qualities was his gratitude. He never forgot even the smallest act of kindness. For instance, he once expressed profound gratitude to a novice monk who had offered him guidance during his early days as a disciple.

Sariputta's role extended beyond teaching. He was a guardian of the Sangha, ensuring the welfare of the monks and resolving disputes with fairness and wisdom. His leadership earned him the title "Marshal of the Dhamma," a testament to his unwavering dedication to the Buddha's teachings.


Discourses of Sariputta

Sariputta was not only a master of the Dhamma but also a prolific teacher whose discourses remain an integral part of Buddhist literature. His teachings, preserved in the Pali Canon, provide profound insights into the nature of reality, the path to liberation, and the qualities of an enlightened being. Some of his most notable discourses include:

1. The Samacitta Sutta (AN 4.14)

In this discourse, Sariputta explains the qualities of a person with a calm and composed mind. He emphasizes the importance of equanimity, patience, and mindfulness in overcoming life's challenges and maintaining inner peace.

2. The Dighajanu Sutta (AN 8.54)

Sariputta provides practical advice to lay followers on how to live a balanced life. He discusses the four qualities that lead to material success and the four qualities that lead to spiritual growth, highlighting the importance of integrating both aspects for a fulfilling life.

3. The Sangiti Sutta (DN 33)

This is one of Sariputta's most comprehensive discourses, where he systematically enumerates various teachings of the Buddha. The Sangiti Sutta serves as a valuable reference for understanding the core principles of the Dhamma.

4. The Dasuttara Sutta (DN 34)

In this discourse, Sariputta presents a detailed exposition of the Dhamma, organized into sets of ten. This systematic approach reflects his analytical mind and his ability to present the teachings in a structured and accessible manner.

5. The Nalakapana Sutta (MN 68)

Sariputta discusses the concept of rebirth and the workings of karma, providing insights into the ethical and spiritual implications of one's actions.

These discourses highlight Sariputta's profound understanding of the Dhamma and his ability to convey its essence with clarity and precision. His teachings continue to inspire and guide practitioners on the path to enlightenment.


The Final Days of Sariputta

Sariputta's life was a testament to the transformative power of the Dhamma. Even in his final days, he remained a source of inspiration and guidance. Knowing that his time was near, he returned to his birthplace to pass away in the presence of his mother, who had not yet accepted the Dhamma. Through his teachings and example, he inspired her to attain Sotapanna before he passed away.

Sariputta's passing was a moment of profound loss for the Sangha. The Buddha himself remarked that Sariputta was like his right-hand man, and his absence was deeply felt. However, the legacy of Sariputta's wisdom and compassion continues to inspire Buddhists to this day.


Lessons from Sariputta's Life

The life of Sariputta offers timeless lessons for all who seek spiritual growth and understanding:

  1. The Importance of Friendship: Sariputta and Maha Moggallana's journey highlights the value of spiritual friendship in the pursuit of truth.
  2. Humility and Gratitude: Despite his profound wisdom, Sariputta remained humble and grateful, embodying the qualities of a true disciple.
  3. Dedication to the Dhamma: Sariputta's unwavering commitment to the Buddha's teachings serves as a model for all who wish to follow the path of enlightenment.
  4. Practical Wisdom: His discourses provide practical guidance for both laypeople and monastics, emphasizing the integration of ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom.

Conclusion

Sariputta's life is a shining example of the transformative power of the Dhamma. His wisdom, compassion, and dedication to the Buddha's teachings continue to inspire generations of Buddhists. As we reflect on his story and teachings, we are reminded of the potential within each of us to attain liberation and live a life of profound purpose and meaning.

This extended account of Sariputta's life and discourses celebrates his contributions to Buddhism and serves as a source of inspiration for all who walk the path of the Dhamma. May his story and teachings guide and uplift us on our journey toward enlightenment.

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