Navam Poya is an important full moon day in the Buddhist calendar, particularly in Sri Lanka and other Theravāda Buddhist countries. It is observed on the full moon of February and holds several key religious and historical significances:
1. Appointment of the Two Chief Disciples
- On this day, the Buddha appointed Sariputta and Moggallana as his two chief disciples. Sariputta was known for his wisdom, while Moggallana was renowned for his supernatural abilities.
2. First Sangha Council (Sangha Samagga)
- Navam Poya marks the occasion when the Buddha convened the first gathering of 1,250 Arahants (fully enlightened monks) at Veluvana Monastery in Rajagaha (modern-day Rajgir, India). This gathering, held without prior notice, is significant as it symbolizes the unity and purity of the Buddhist monastic order.
3. Declaration of the Buddha’s Parinibbana
- According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha foretold his final passing away (Parinibbana) three months in advance on a Navam Poya day, indicating that he would attain Nibbana in Vesak (May).
4. Introduction of the Ovada Patimokkha (Code of Discipline)
- During the great gathering of monks, the Buddha delivered the Ovada Patimokkha, a fundamental teaching that outlines the principles of Buddhist monastic life. The essence of this teaching is:
- Refrain from all evil
- Cultivate good
- Purify the mind
5. Religious Observances on Navam Poya
- Devout Buddhists observe sil (eight or ten precepts), engage in meditation, listen to Dhamma sermons, and participate in religious activities at temples.
- In Sri Lanka, Navam Perahera, a grand procession organized by the Gangaramaya Temple in Colombo, takes place to commemorate the significance of the day.
Navam Poya is a deeply spiritual occasion that encourages Buddhists to reflect on discipline, unity, and the path to enlightenment.